The Electrochemical Oxidation of Hydroquinone and Catechol through a Novel Poly-geminal Dicationic Ionic Liquid (PGDIL)–TiO₂ Composite Film Electrode

Abstract

A novel poly-geminal dicationic ionic liquid (PGDIL)-TiO2/Au composite film electrode was successfully prepared by electrochemical polymerization of 1,4-bis(3-(m-aminobenzyl)imidazol-1-yl)butane bis(hexafluorinephosphate) containing polymerizable anilino groups in the electrolyte containing nano-TiO2. The basic properties of PGDIL−TiO2/Au composite films were studied by SEM, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and differential pulse voltammetry. The SEM results revealed that the PGDIL−TiO2 powder has a more uniform and smaller particle size than the PGDIL. The cyclic voltammetry results showed that the catalytic effect on electrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone and catechol of the PGDIL−TiO2 electrode is the best, yet the Rct of PGDIL−TiO2 electrode is higher than that of PGDIL and TiO2 electrode, which is caused by the synergistic effect between TiO2 and PGDIL. The PGDIL−TiO2/Au composite electrode presents a good enhancement effect on the reversible electrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone and catechol, and differential pulse voltammetry tests of the hydroquinone and catechol in a certain concentration range revealed that the PGDIL−TiO2/Au electrode enables a high sensitivity to the differentiation and detection of hydroquinone and catechol. Furthermore, the electrochemical catalytic mechanism of the PGDIL−TiO2/Au electrode was studied. It was found that the recombination of TiO2 improved the reversibility and activity of the PGDIL−TiO2/Au electrode for the electrocatalytic reaction of HQ and CC. The PGDIL−TiO2/Au electrode is also expected to be used for catalytic oxidation and detection of other organic pollutants containing −OH groups.

Keywords

• nano-tio₂
• poly-geminal dicationic ionic liquid
• hydroquinone
• catechol