Combined associations of general obesity and central obesity with hypertension stages and phenotypes among children and adolescents in Zhejiang, China

Abstract

Abstract General and central obesity are suggested to be associated with elevated blood pressure (BP), whereas few studies have investigated their combined associations with hypertension in children. This study aimed to assess the associations of combinations of general obesity and central obesity with hypertension in Chinese children, including its stages and phenotypes. A total of 5430 children aged 7–17 years in Zhejiang Province were enrolled. General obesity was evaluated by body mass index (BMI), while central obesity was by waist circumference (WC). Then all children were sorted into three mutually exclusive groups: normal weight with or with no central obesity (NW), abnormal weight with no central obesity (AWNCO), and abnormal weight with central obesity (AWCO). Hypertension was defined as either a systolic or diastolic BP ≥ 95th percentile, and further classified into stage 1 hypertension, stage 2 hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic diastolic hypertension (SDH). Logistic regression was used. AWNCO and AWCO were associated with stage 1 hypertension (AWNCO, odds ratio [OR] = 1.94, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.59‐2.37; AWCO, 2.67, 2.20‐3.25), stage 2 hypertension (AWNCO, 2.35, 1.33‐4.13; AWCO, 4.53, 2.79‐7.37), ISH (AWNCO, 2.50, 1.96‐3.18; AWCO, 3.95, 3.15‐4.95), and SDH (AWNCO, 2.48, 1.75‐3.52; AWCO, 2.78, 1.94‐3.99). Children with AWCO were more likely to have stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, as well as ISH and SDH. The combined measurement of general and central obesity is suggested as an appropriate screening tool for hypertension among children and adolescents.

Keywords

• blood pressure
• body mass index
• hypertension
• waist circumference