Control and protection of MMC-based HVDC systems: A review

Rashid Hussain Chandio; Faheem Akhtar Chachar; Jahangeer Badar Soomro; Jamshed Ahmed Ansari; Hafiz Mudassir Munir; Hossam M. Zawbaa; Salah Kamel

Energy Reports (Dec 2023)

Control and protection of MMC-based HVDC systems: A review

Rashid Hussain Chandio,
Faheem Akhtar Chachar,
Jahangeer Badar Soomro,
Jamshed Ahmed Ansari,
Hafiz Mudassir Munir,
Hossam M. Zawbaa,
Salah Kamel

Affiliations

Rashid Hussain Chandio: Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
Faheem Akhtar Chachar: Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
Jahangeer Badar Soomro: Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
Jamshed Ahmed Ansari: Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
Hafiz Mudassir Munir: Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
Hossam M. Zawbaa: Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; Correspondence to: Technological University Dublin, Park House, 191 N Circular Rd, Cabra East, Grangegorman, Dublin, D07 EWV4, Ireland .
Salah Kamel: Electrical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Aswan University, 81542 Aswan, Egypt

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 9
pp. 1571 – 1588

Abstract

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The voltage source converter (VSC) based HVDC (high voltage direct current system) offers the possibility to integrate other renewable energy sources (RES) into the electrical grid, and allows power flow reversal capability. These appealing features of VSC technology led to the further development of multi-terminal direct current (MTDC) systems. MTDC grids provide the possibility of interconnection between conventional power systems and other large-scale offshore sources like wind and solar systems. The modular multilevel converter (MMC) has become a popular technology in the development of the VSC-MTDC system due to its salient features such as modularity and scalability. Although, the employment of MMC converter in the MTDC system improves the overall system performance. However, there are some technical challenges related to its operation, control, modeling and protection that need to be addressed. This paper mainly provides a comprehensive review and investigation of the control and protection of the MMC-based MTDC system. In addition, the issues and challenges associated with the development of the MMC-MTDC system have been discussed in this paper. It majorly covers the control schemes that provide the AC system support and state-of-the-art relaying algorithm/ dc fault detection and location algorithms. Different types of dc fault detection and location algorithms presented in the literature have been reviewed, such as local measurement-based, communication-based, traveling wave-based and artificial intelligence-based. Characteristics of the protection techniques are compared and analyzed in terms of various scenarios such as implementation in CBs, system configuration, selectivity, and robustness. Finally, future challenges and issues regarding the development of the MTDC system have been discussed in detail.

Published in Energy Reports

ISSN: 2352-4847 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Technology: Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering
Website: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-reports/

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