Obrazovanie i Nauka (Jan 2020)
International academic mobility through the prism of soft power theory
Abstract
Introduction. In the era of globalisation and digitalisation of society, the phenomenon of mobility is of particular relevance in the humanitarian discourse. Technological, socio-political and economic changes, penetrating into the sectors of education and science, contribute to internationalisation, intensification, as well as the inclusive growth of these priority areas of society. The study of academic mobility in the context of the theory of soft power will make it possible quantitatively measure and qualitatively evaluate the information and educational infrastructure as a separate educational and scientific organisation, and the country as a whole. The aim of the present research is to comprehensively consider the international academic mobility of students as a component and recourse of the country’s soft power in post-industrial realities.Methodology and research methods. The methodological framework of the research involves discursive and conceptual approaches. The following general scientific methods were used: comparative and system-structural analysis, synthesis, generalisation and comparative method. Statistical reports and data from global rating systems were analysed and processed through the method of secondary data analysis. The coefficient of rank correlation of the relationship between the number of foreign students in the countries (included in the Top 30 of soft power) and indicators of the rating of the world universities was calculated according to Spirman’s rank correlation test.Results and scientific novelty. The theories of soft power and academic mobility are synthesised on the basis of an analytical review of scientific publications by European, American, Russian and Chinese scientists. The hypothesis of the close interdependence of these concepts is confirmed. Academic mobility, including the virtual one, is shown to be an important tool for achieving geopolitical and economic goals both in the long-term and short-term perspectives. It is established that academic mobility, on the one hand, is determined from the standpoint of economic and political expediency; on the other hand, as a consequence of the globalisation, transforming the higher education system. While Western researchers emphasise the positive aspects of international law by students and scientists, the Russian scientific discourse is largely focused on the negative trends of this process. Two directions of soft power formation in the field of education are identified: training of future leaders (elite) and education of ordinary citizens. The authors revealed the vectors of the discussed type of mobility – Western-centric (Anglo-American) and the new one Asian (Eurasian), in whichChinaand the Chinese language take a special place. It was initiated to establish the SCO University Network among the representatives of member states in order to balance educational flows. The obstacles to its effectiveness are identified.Practical significance. The research findings and conclusions extend the knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of the academic mobility realisation to increase university competitiveness.
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