Dopamine- and Grape-Seed-Extract-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Interaction Studies between Particles and Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Rosanna Mallamaci,
Debora Musarò,
Marco Greco,
Antonello Caponio,
Stefano Castellani,
Anas Munir,
Lorenzo Guerra,
Marina Damato,
Giuseppe Fracchiolla,
Chiara Coppola,
Rosa Angela Cardone,
Mehdi Rashidi,
Roberta Tardugno,
Sara Sergio,
Adriana Trapani,
Michele Maffia
Affiliations
Rosanna Mallamaci
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
Debora Musarò
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Marco Greco
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Antonello Caponio
Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Stefano Castellani
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
Anas Munir
Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Lorenzo Guerra
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
Marina Damato
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Giuseppe Fracchiolla
Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Chiara Coppola
Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Rosa Angela Cardone
Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Environment, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
Mehdi Rashidi
Department of Mathematics and Physics “E. De Giorgi”, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Roberta Tardugno
Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Sara Sergio
Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Adriana Trapani
Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Michele Maffia
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, Via Lecce—Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, primarily associated with dopaminergic neuron depletion in the Substantia Nigra. Current treatment focuses on compensating for dopamine (DA) deficiency, but the blood–brain barrier (BBB) poses challenges for effective drug delivery. Using differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, we investigated the co-administration of DA and the antioxidant Grape Seed Extract (GSE) to study the cytobiocompability, the cytoprotection against the neurotoxin Rotenone, and their antioxidant effects. For this purpose, two solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) formulations, DA-co-GSE-SLNs and GSE-ads-DA-SLNs, were synthesized. Such SLNs showed mean particle sizes in the range of 187–297 nm, zeta potential values in the range of −4.1–−9.7 mV, and DA association efficiencies ranging from 35 to 82%, according to the formulation examined. The results showed that DA/GSE-SLNs did not alter cell viability and had a cytoprotective effect against Rotenone-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. In addition, this study also focused on the evaluation of Alpha-synuclein (aS) levels; SLNs showed the potential to modulate the Rotenone-mediated increase in aS levels. In conclusion, our study investigated the potential of SLNs as a delivery system for addressing PD, also representing a promising approach for enhanced delivery of pharmaceutical and antioxidant molecules across the BBB.
