Minimally modified gravity fitting Planck data better than $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM

Abstract

Abstract We study the phenomenology of a class of minimally modified gravity theories called $$f(\mathcal {H})$$ f(H) theories, in which the usual general relativistic Hamiltonian constraint is replaced by a free function of it. After reviewing the construction of the theory and a consistent matter coupling, we analyze the dynamics of cosmology at the levels of both background and perturbations, and present a concrete example of the theory with a 3-parameter family of the function f. Finally, we compare this example model to Planck data as well as some later-time probes, showing that such a realization of $$f(\mathcal {H})$$ f(H) theories fits the data significantly better than the standard $$\Lambda $$ Λ CDM model, in particular by modifying gravity at intermediate redshifts, $$z\simeq 743$$ z≃743 .