Targeted immunotherapy approaches for intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct

Abstract

Abstract: Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a complex biliary tractneoplasm. Its classifications based on distinct clinical, pathological, andradiological features and gene mutations, are of paramount importance. Theclassification of IPNB into Type 1 and Type 2 has proven essential, as thesesubtypes present notably different molecular alterations and clinical behaviors.Type 1 IPNBs are characterized by KRAS, GNAS and RNF43 mutations. While,Type 2 IPNBs demonstrate TP53, SMAD4, and KMT2C mutations. Recognition ofthe subclasses along with the genetic alterations enables early detection andadvancement of personalized therapeutic methods. In addition, the identification ofmore involved signaling pathways and their crosstalk are indispensable for theadvancement of novel therapeutic approaches including targeted immunotherapyand gene therapy. These tailored approaches hold the promise of improving patientoutcomes, minimizing side effects, and offering a brighter future for those afflictedby this intricate biliary neoplasm.The precise classification of IPNB besides the accurate identification of mutations and molecular alteration in each subclassification lead to the development of more accurate and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

Keywords

• cholangiocarcinoma
• bile duct neoplasm
• papilloma
• intraductal