The Effect of the Tumor Microenvironment on Lymphoid Neoplasms Derived from B Cells
Giuseppe Ingravallo,
Roberto Tamma,
Giuseppina Opinto,
Tiziana Annese,
Francesco Gaudio,
Giorgina Specchia,
Tommasina Perrone,
Pellegrino Musto,
Gerardo Cazzato,
Emilio Bellitti,
Saverio Capodiferro,
Eugenio Maiorano,
Domenico Ribatti
Affiliations
Giuseppe Ingravallo
Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Roberto Tamma
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Giuseppina Opinto
Haematology and Cell Therapy Unit, IRCCS-Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, Viale Orazio Flacco 65, 70124 Bari, Italy
Tiziana Annese
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Francesco Gaudio
Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Transplantation, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
Giorgina Specchia
School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Tommasina Perrone
Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Transplantation, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
Pellegrino Musto
Hematology Section, Department of Emergency and Transplantation, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy
Gerardo Cazzato
Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Emilio Bellitti
Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Saverio Capodiferro
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Eugenio Maiorano
Section of Pathology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Domenico Ribatti
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico-Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
Lymphomas are characteristic tumors surrounded by an inflammatory microenvironment. The cells of the microenvironment are essential for the growth and survival of neoplastic cells and are recruited through the effect of cytokines/chemokines. Lymphomas include heterogeneous groups of neoplasms infiltrating various lymphoid structures which may arise from B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and natural killer (NK) cells at various stages of their differentiation state. In this review article, we analyze the literature data concerning the involvement of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in the progression of lymphomas and the recent advances in the analysis of microenvironment components in the most common forms: some mature B cell lymphoma neoplasms and classic Hodgkin lymphomas. The complex crosstalk between the TME and tumor cells led to the discovery of many mechanisms usable as molecular-targeted therapy through the control of diverse elements of the TME, varying from inhibitors of angiogenic cytokines and their receptors to the regulation of cells’ activities and the novel immune checkpoint inhibitors.
