Origin and Spread of the Dengue Virus Type 1, Genotype V in Senegal, 2015–2019
Idrissa Dieng,
Marielton dos Passos Cunha,
Moussa Moïse Diagne,
Pape Mbacké Sembène,
Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto,
Ousmane Faye,
Oumar Faye,
Amadou Alpha Sall
Affiliations
Idrissa Dieng
Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
Marielton dos Passos Cunha
Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
Moussa Moïse Diagne
Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
Pape Mbacké Sembène
Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science et Technics, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar(UCAD), Fann BP 5005, Dakar, Senegal
Paolo Marinho de Andrade Zanotto
Laboratory of Molecular Evolution and Bioinformatics, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
Ousmane Faye
Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
Oumar Faye
Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
Amadou Alpha Sall
Arboviruses and Haemorrhagic Fever Viruses Unit, Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar BP 220, Senegal
Dengue virus (DENV) is the most widespread arthropod-borne virus, with the number and severity of outbreaks increasing worldwide in recent decades. Dengue is caused by genetically distinct serotypes, DENV-1–4. Here, we present data on DENV-1, isolated from patients with dengue fever during an outbreak in Senegal and Mali (Western Africa) in 2015–2019, that were analyzed by sequencing the envelope (E) gene. The emergence and the dynamics of DENV-1 in Western Africa were inferred by using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. The DENV-1 grouped into a monophyletic cluster that was closely related to those from Southeast Asia. The virus appears to have been introduced directly into Medina Gounass (Suburb of Dakar), Senegal (location probability = 0.301, posterior = 0.76). The introduction of the virus in Senegal occurred around 2014 (95% HPD = 2012.88–2014.84), and subsequently, the virus moved to regions within Senegal (e.g., Louga and Fatick), causing intense outbreaks in the subsequent years. The virus appears to have been introduced in Mali (a neighboring country) after its introduction in Senegal. In conclusion, we present evidence that the outbreak caused by DENV-1 in urban environments in Senegal and Mali after 2015 was caused by a single viral introduction from Asia.