PLoS ONE (Jan 2021)

Severe undernutrition in children affects tuberculin skin test performance in Southern India.

  • Divya Reddy,
  • Yicheng Ma,
  • Subitha Lakshminarayanan,
  • Swaroop Sahu,
  • Laura F White,
  • Ayiraveetil Reshma,
  • Gautam Roy,
  • Padmini Salgame,
  • Selby Knudsen,
  • Chelsie Cintron,
  • Jerrold J Ellner,
  • C Robert Horsburgh,
  • Sonali Sarkar,
  • Natasha S Hochberg

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250304
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 16, no. 7
p. e0250304

Abstract

Read online

BackgroundUndernutrition impairs immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a risk factor for tuberculosis disease (TB). We aim to investigate if severe undernutrition affects the tuberculin skin test (TST) response among household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary TB cases.MethodsWe analyzed data from HHCs (> five years) of pulmonary TB cases in Southern India. Undernutrition was defined as per World Health Organization based on body mass index (BMI) for adults (undernutrition 16-18.4 and severe undernutrition five mm) were calculated using logistic regression with generalized estimating equations.ResultsAmong 1189 HHCs, 342 were children (age 5-17 years) and 847 were adults. Prevalence of TST positivity in well-nourished, undernourished and severely undernourished children was 135/251 (53.8%), 32/68 (47.1%), and 7/23 (30.4%) respectively; among adults, prevalence of TST positivity was 304/708 (42.9%), 43/112 (38.4%) and 12/26 (46.2%), respectively. Severe undernutrition in children was associated with decreased odds of TST positivity (adjusted odds ratio 0.3; 95%CI 0.1-0.9).ConclusionSevere undernutrition in children was associated with decreased odds of TST positivity. False-negative TSTs may result from undernutrition; caution is warranted when interpreting negative results in undernourished populations.