Anthelmintic activity of the ethanol extract of the Uncaria guianensis (Rubiaceae) on eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep in the Western Amazon Region

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anthelmintic effect of the root and stem of Uncaria guianensis on eggs and larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes from naturally infected sheep. The extract of the root of Uncaria guianensis was tested at concentrations of 0.57mg / mL and 1.14mg / mL and the extract of the stem of Uncaria guianensis at concentrations of 1.25mg / mL and 2.5mg / mL. The animals were divided in groups of five animals each, where four groups received the plant extract and a dose / concentration, one group received the anti-helminthic closantel and another group received only distilled water, totaling six treated groups. Ten mL were applied orally on days treatment, in a single dose for the groups treated with the extract, the closantel group received the dose recommended by the manufacturer and the negative group received 10 mL of distilled water. Stool samples were collected weekly for parasitological analysis and blood for hematocrit. The results of the OPG were analyzed after log transformation (x + 1) and submitted to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test at 5% of probability. Third stage L3 larvae were recovered from co-culture and subjected to the 5% tukey test. The results showed a reduction in the number of eggs per gram of feces, in the group treated with Uncaria guianensis root at a concentration of 1.14mg / mL and in the chemically treated group, where they obtained a statistically significant reduction (p <5%), when compared to the other treated groups, presenting 69% and 66% respectively in the reduction percentage. Regarding the number of third-stage larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes recovered from sheep, after treatment they observed that the groups treated with closantel, Uncaria guianensis root at a concentration of 1.14mg / mL and a stem of Uncaria guianensis at a concentration of 1.25mg / mL were statistically different (p <5%) from the other treatments, with 68%, 68% and 86% respectively reduction in the number of larvae. As for the hematocrit, the results remained within the reference standards for the Amazon Biome. Thus, we conclude that Uncaria guianensis has ovicidal and larvicidal activity on gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep.

Keywords

• endoparasites
• phytotherapy
• small ruminants