Community Pharmacists’ Readiness for Breast Cancer Mammogram Promotion: A National Survey from Jordan

Abstract

Lobna Gharaibeh,1 Mohammed Liswi,2 Reem Al-Ajlouni,3 Dina Shafei,3 Rasha Ezzaldeen Fakheraldeen3 1Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan; 2Civilian Research and Development Foundation (CRDF) Global, Amman, Jordan; 3Jordan Breast Cancer Program, King Hussein Cancer Foundation, Amman, JordanCorrespondence: Lobna Gharaibeh, Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan, Tel [phone], Email [email protected] Reem Al-Ajlouni, Jordan Breast Cancer Program, King Hussein Cancer Foundation, Amman, Jordan, Tel [phone], Email [email protected]: Mammography is the gold standard screening technique for early detection of breast cancer. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of community pharmacists of different aspects emphasized by the JBCP programs. This study also identifies the attitudes and barriers towards promoting early detection services.Patients and Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists in Jordan. Pharmacists were randomly selected and asked to complete an electronic questionnaire. Inclusion criteria: a pharmacist with a bachelor’s degree or higher and registered at the JPA working in a community pharmacy. The questionnaire included demographic and socioeconomic information, knowledge, attitudes towards breast cancer screening mammography services, and barriers towards participation in the promotion of these services.Results: A total of 1,088 community pharmacists were approached, 1,000 (91.8%) completed the questionnaire. Participants had an average age of 34 years ± 10.8 and average experience of 9.1 ± 9.5 years. Only 48 (37.8%) of the female pharmacists aged 40 years or older underwent a mammogram. Knowledge of symptoms of breast cancer was the highest with a score of 755, followed by knowledge of risk factors (670) and finally early detection of breast cancer (540). Many barriers were reported by the community pharmacists including lack of educational materials and time constraints. Pharmacists with higher educational levels (p< 0.001), of female gender (p< 0.001), attended continuous cancer-related education (p< 0.001), encountered a higher percentage of female customers (p< 0.001), in a certain geographic location (p=0.003), underwent mammography (p=0.014), and encountered high frequency of inquiries on mammogram by the customers (p< 0.001) were all associated with higher knowledge scores.Conclusion: Despite the reported barriers and insufficient knowledge in certain aspects of early detection of breast cancer, community pharmacists have positive attitudes and can be a valuable asset for awareness-raising efforts.Keywords: mammography, breast cancer, knowledge, attitude, barriers, Jordan breast cancer program, screening

Keywords

• mammography
• breast cancer
• knowledge
• attitude
• barriers
• jordan breast cancer program
• screening.