Low-Temperature Processed TiO<sub>x</sub>/Zn<sub>1−x</sub>Cd<sub>x</sub>S Nanocomposite for Efficient MAPbI<sub>x</sub>Cl<sub>1−x</sub> Perovskite and PCDTBT:PC<sub>70</sub>BM Polymer Solar Cells
Binh Duong,
Khathawut Lohawet,
Tanyakorn Muangnapoh,
Hideki Nakajima,
Narong Chanlek,
Anirudh Sharma,
David A. Lewis,
Pisist Kumnorkaew
Affiliations
Binh Duong
National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Khathawut Lohawet
National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Tanyakorn Muangnapoh
National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
Hideki Nakajima
Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Narong Chanlek
Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Anirudh Sharma
University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), UMR 5629, B8 Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France
David A. Lewis
Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
Pisist Kumnorkaew
National Nanotechnology Center, 111 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
The majority of high-performance perovskite and polymer solar cells consist of a TiO2 electron transport layer (ETL) processed at a high temperature (>450 °C). Here, we demonstrate that low-temperature (80 °C) ETL thin film of TiOx:Zn1−xCdxS can be used as an effective ETL and its band energy can be tuned by varying the TiOx:Zn1−xCdxS ratio. At the optimal ratio of 50:50 (vol%), the MAPbIxCl1−x perovskite and PCBTBT:PC70BM polymer solar cells achieved 9.79% and 4.95%, respectively. Morphological and optoelectronic analyses showed that tailoring band edges and homogeneous distribution of the local surface charges could improve the solar cells efficiency by more than 2%. We proposed a plausible mechanism to rationalize the variation in morphology and band energy of the ETL.
