Administration of platelet-rich plasma or concentrated bone marrow aspirate after mechanically induced ischemia improves biochemical parameters in skeletal muscle

Abstract

Ischemia is known to cause structural and functional damage to skeletal muscle. In this research platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and cell bone marrow aspirate (CBMA) which are considered to be promising in regenerative medicine were used to improve the animal muscles condition after ischemia. Mechanically induced ischemia (MII) of the rabbit skeletal muscles was caused by applying a tourniquet to the hind limb for 6 hours. At 6 h after tourniquet was removed the rabbit PRP or CBMA solutions were injected into the tibia muscle and animals were divided into experimental groups (n = 15): 1 – ischemia + saline, 2 – ischemia + PRP, 3 – ischemia + CBMA. Intact animals were the control group (n = 5). Animals were removed from the experiment on 5, 15, and 30th days of reperfusion after ischemia. A progressive hypotrophy, muscle fibers destruction and leukocyte infiltration was observed after tibia muscle MII. The ischemic state was accompanied by catalase and superoxide dismutase activation, persistent NO2– overproduction and a significant decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity in the muscle homogenates. It was shown that after PRP or CBMA local injection into the ischemic muscle catalase activity remained at the elevated level, SOD activity approached the control level and the most pronounced effects were NO2– level decrease and glutathioperoxidase activity restoration. After CBMA injection angiogenesis activation and the increase in the number of nuclei in the muscle fibrils were observed. The obtained data allow to expand the range of biochemical parameters for assessing the muscles condition after ischemia and indicate a positive effect of platelet-rich plasma and cell bone marrow aspirate injection on skeletal muscle regeneration.

Keywords

• bone marrow aspirate
• ischemia
• peroxidation
• platelet rich plasma
• reperfusion
• skeletal muscle