Medical Sciences Forum (Nov 2023)

Resistotyping of <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> from Milk and Milk Products Sold in Sabon Gari and Zaria Local Government Areas in Kaduna State, Nigeria

  • Muhammad Muhsin Fathuddin,
  • Saleh Alhaji Ado,
  • Muhammad Bashir Tijjani,
  • Haruna Makonjuola Kazeem,
  • John Solomon Obidah,
  • Rafeedah Fathuddin

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ECA2023-16393
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 24, no. 1
p. 9

Abstract

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This study investigated the resistotyping of Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus from milk and milk products sold in Sabon Gari and Zaria local government areas in Kaduna State, Nigeria. A total of 122 isolates (Salmonella spp. (65) and Staphylococcus aureus (57)) were isolated from 400 milk and milk products. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disc diffusion and E-test methods. The results obtained from the study indicated that 39 (31.967%) isolates were sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while 47 (38.525%) were resistant to a single antibiotic. Furthermore, 36 (29.508%) were resistant to two antibiotics, and none showed resistance to at least three antibiotics. None showed resistance to all four antibiotics. Resistance rates were most frequently observed in tetracycline with 80 isolates (65.574%), followed by ampicillin with 39 isolates (31.967%), and gentamicin and ciprofloxacin, both with 00 (00.000%) isolates. After making comparisons with the CLSI and EUCAST breakpoints, the resistance rate with CLSI was observed in tetracycline with 104 isolates (85.245%), followed by ampicillin with 39 isolates (66.393%), ciprofloxacin with 14 isolates (11.475%), and gentamicin with 06 isolates (04.918%). The resistance rate with EUCAST was tetracycline with 122 isolates (100.000%), followed by ampicillin with 110 isolates (90.164%), ciprofloxacin with 88 isolates (72.131%), and gentamicin with 17 isolates (13.934%). Based on these findings, it can be shown that Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus found in milk and milk products within Sabon Gari and Zaria local government areas have a high resistance to the antibiotics tested. It is imperative that urgent actions are taken to address the growing menace of AMR and prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.

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