PLoS ONE (Jan 2022)

Estimating the economic burden of typhoid in children and adults in Blantyre, Malawi: A costing cohort study.

  • Fumbani Limani,
  • Christopher Smith,
  • Richard Wachepa,
  • Hlulose Chafuwa,
  • James Meiring,
  • Patrick Noah,
  • Pratiksha Patel,
  • Priyanka D Patel,
  • Frédéric Debellut,
  • Clint Pecenka,
  • Melita A Gordon,
  • Naor Bar-Zeev

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277419
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 17, no. 11
p. e0277419

Abstract

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BackgroundTyphoid causes preventable death and disease. The World Health Organization recommends Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine for endemic countries, but introduction decisions depend on cost-effectiveness. We estimated household and healthcare economic burdens of typhoid in Blantyre, Malawi.MethodsIn a prospective cohort of culture-confirmed typhoid cases at two primary- and a referral-level health facility, we collected direct medical, non-medical costs (2020 U.S. dollars) to healthcare provider, plus indirect costs to households.ResultsFrom July 2019-March 2020, of 109 cases, 63 (58%) were 40% of non-food monthly household expenditure, occurred in 48 (44%) households.ConclusionsTyphoid can be economically catastrophic for families, despite accessible free medical care. Typhoid is costly for government healthcare provision. These data make an economic case for TCV introduction in Malawi and the region and will be used to derive vaccine cost-effectiveness.