Zhongguo quanke yixue (Nov 2024)
Analysis of Trend in the Prevalence of Central Obesity among Children and Adolescents Aged 7-18 in Putuo District, Shanghai from 2018 to 2023
Abstract
Background With the improvement of economic level and changes in lifestyle of residents, the obesity among children and adolescents has become increasingly severe, threatening the healthy growth of children and adolescents. BMI was used as an evaluation index of obesity in most previous studies, which may underestimate the prevalence of central obesity. Therefore, it is urgent to evaluate the waist circumference (WC) and trend of the prevalence of central obesity among children and adolescents in Putuo District, in order to provide scientific basis for targeted proposed intervention. Objective To analyze WC and the trend in the prevalence of central obesity among children and adolescents aged 7-18 years in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2018 to 2023. Methods Data on medical examinations of primary and secondary school students in Putuo District in 2018 and 2020 to 2023 were used to analyze the WC, the prevalence of central obesity and the trends. The 90th percentile (P90) age-specific children and adolescents of different genders was used as the cut-off point of high WC, and WC exceeding the P90 value was defined as central obesity. SPSS 22.0 and SAS 13.1 were used for statistical analysis and Excel 2021 was used for graphic plotting. Results A total of 280 648 primary and secondary school students participated in the medical examination in Putuo District, Shanghai, from 2018 to 2023, of which 146 334 (52.1%) were male students and 134 314 (47.9%) were female students, with an median age of 10.5 (8.7, 12.6) years. WC of male and female students from 2018 to 2023 showed fluctuating downward trends with a statistically significant difference (Hmale=209.785, Hfemale=373.076; P<0.001). WC of male students decreased from 65.2 (58.0, 74.0) cm in 2018 to 64.8 (56.9, 74.0) cm in 2023 and female students decreased from 60.5 (55.0, 67.0) cm to 59.8 (53.8, 66.2) cm. Comparison of the prevalence of central obesity among male and female students in each year showed statistically significant differences (χ2male=264.123, χ2female=448.289; P<0.001). The results of Cochran-Armitage trend test showed decreasing trends in prevalences of central obesity among male and female groups from 2018 to 2023 (Ztrend male=-10.974, Ztrend female=-15.218; Ptrend<0.001). The prevalence of central obesity among male students decreased from 28.8% (6 714/23 286) to 24.6% (7 935/32 227), while that among female students decreased from 21.9% (4 604/21 062) to 15.5% (4 604/29 695). The WC and prevalence of central obesity among male students were higher than that among female students (U=7 128 257 114.500、χ2=2 928.075, P<0.001). Prevalence of central obesity showed increasing trends with age for both sexes (Ztrend male=35.167, Ztrend female=6.533; Ptrend<0.001) . Conclusion This study suggests that WC and the prevalence of central obesity among children and adolescents aged 7-18 in Putuo District are fluctuating and decreasing. WC and the prevalence of central obesity of male students are high than those of female students of the same age. The prevalence of central obesity is increasing with age. Results of this study provide theoretical support for the targeted intervention of central obesity in children and adolescents.
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