Development of Flexible Ion-Selective Electrodes for Saliva Sodium Detection
Hyo-Ryoung Lim,
Soon Min Lee,
Musa Mahmood,
Shinjae Kwon,
Yun-Soung Kim,
Yongkuk Lee,
Woon-Hong Yeo
Affiliations
Hyo-Ryoung Lim
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Soon Min Lee
Department of Pediatrics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
Musa Mahmood
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Shinjae Kwon
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Yun-Soung Kim
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Yongkuk Lee
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
Woon-Hong Yeo
George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Human-Centric Interfaces and Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
Saliva can be used for health monitoring with non-invasive wearable systems. Such devices, including electrochemical sensors, may provide a safe, fast, and cost-efficient way of detecting target ions. Although salivary ions are known to reflect those in blood, no available clinical device can detect essential ions directly from saliva. Here, we introduce an all-solid-state, flexible film sensor that allows highly accurate detection of sodium levels in saliva, comparable to those in blood. The wireless film sensor system can successfully measure sodium ions from a small volume of infants’ saliva (−5 ≈ 1 M with a low detection limit of 4.27 × 10−5 M. The simultaneous comparison between the film sensor and a commercial electrochemical sensor demonstrates the accuracy of the flexible sensor and a positive correlation in saliva-to-blood sodium levels. Collectively, the presented study shows the potential of the wireless ion-selective sensor system for a non-invasive, early disease diagnosis with saliva.
