Circulating endothelial progenitor cells in obese children and adolescents

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating endothelial progenitor cell count and endothelial activation in a pediatric population with obesity. Methods: Observational and transversal study, including 120 children and adolescents with primary obesity of both sexes, aged 6–17 years, who were recruited at this Cardiovascular Risk Clinic. The control group was made up of 41 children and adolescents with normal body mass index. The variables analyzed were: age, gender, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, lipid profile, leptin, adiponectin, homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance, monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1, E‐selectin, asymmetric dimethylarginine and circulating progenitor endothelial cell count. Results: Insulin resistance was correlated to asymmetric dimethylarginine (ρ = 0.340; p = 0.003), which was directly, but weakly correlated to E‐selectin (ρ = 0.252; p = 0.046). High sensitivity C‐reactive protein was not found to be correlated to markers of endothelial activation. Systolic blood pressure was directly correlated to body mass index (ρ = 0.471; p < 0.001) and the homeostasis model assessment‐insulin resistance (ρ = 0.230; p = 0.012), and inversely correlated to adiponectin (ρ = −0.331; p < 0.001) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (ρ = −0.319; p < 0.001). Circulating endothelial progenitor cell count was directly, but weakly correlated, to body mass index (r = 0.211; p = 0.016), leptin (ρ = 0.245; p = 0.006), triglyceride levels (r = 0.241; p = 0.031), and E‐selectin (ρ = 0.297; p = 0.004). Conclusion: Circulating endothelial progenitor cell count is elevated in obese children and adolescents with evidence of endothelial activation, suggesting that, during infancy, endothelial repairing mechanisms are present in the context of endothelial activation.

Keywords

• Pediatric obesity
• C‐reactive protein
• Monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1
• E‐selectin
• Asymmetric dimethylarginine
• Endothelial progenitor cells