Daytime napping and risk of liver cancer: A large population-based prospective cohort study

Abstract

Introduction and Objectives: Liver cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Japan and worldwide. Daytime napping is a common behavior, especially among older adults, that was related in previous research to unfavorable health conditions. Herein, we investigated the association between daytime napping and liver cancer risk. Materials and Methods: In this prospective cohort study, data from 51,185 participants aged 40–79 years and registered in the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study (JACC Study) were analyzed. Incident cases of liver cancer were diagnosed using cancer registries, hospital records, and death certificates. Daytime napping was assessed using the JACC baseline self-administered questionnaire. We used the Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incident liver cancer among participants in the age categories of the 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s who reported daytime napping compared with their counterparts who did not. Results: Within 669,734 person-years of follow-up, 341 participants developed liver cancer. Daytime napping was associated with a higher risk of liver cancer among participants who were in their 60s and 70s of age after adjusting for sex: HRs (95% CIs) 1.88 (1.35–2.61) and 1.96 (1.18–3.26), lifestyle and medical history: 1.76 (1.27–2.47) and 1.82 (1.07–3.09), and history of liver diseases: 1.66 (1.18–2.34) and 1.72 (1.01–2.94), respectively. No associations were detected among participants from the 40s and 50s age groups. Conclusions: Daytime napping was associated with a higher risk of liver cancer among older adults.

Keywords

• Sleep
• Oncology
• Epidemiology
• Elderly
• Japan