Aquaculture Reports (Dec 2023)
Biofloc: A sustainable alternative for improving the production of farmed cyprinid species
Abstract
As the global population continues its rapid growth, it has become imperative to expand aquaculture in order to meet the ever-increasing demand for food. Currently, carp farming comprises roughly 50% of all inland water aquaculture production, with a range of crucial species utilized in this industry including the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), the catla (Catla catla), and the rohu (Labeo rohita). However, to ensure the long-term sustainability of carp farming, it is vital to adopt environmentally friendly systems and explore alternative strategies. One such strategy that holds great promise is biofloc technology (BFT), known for effectively controlling toxic metabolites through the introduction of a suitable and cost-effective carbohydrate source into the culture system. Bioflocs form unique ecosystems characterized by densely packed particles suspended in water with poor quality, yet rich in crude protein, essential minerals, and essential fatty acids that are highly beneficial for carp nutrition. The presence of bioflocs and associated microorganisms in the rearing system directly influences various aspects of carp farming, including water quality, growth performance, production, biochemical composition, immune responses, antioxidant states, and digestive enzymes. This comprehensive review emphasizes the importance of BFT in carp aquaculture, delving into various key topics such as the impact of BFT on water quality, growth performance, immune responses, antioxidants, and body composition of carp within the biofloc system. By embracing BFT, the aquaculture industry can pursue a sustainable and effective approach to expanding carp farming and improving production while simultaneously mitigating environmental impact. By actively promoting and implementing the use of BFT, the aquaculture industry can take significant strides toward a more sustainable and eco-friendly future.
