Potensi “Khimelor” sebagai Tepung Komposit Tinggi Energi Tinggi Protein Berbasis Pangan Lokal (Health Potential of “Khimelor” as Composite Fluor Having Both High Energy and High Protein Level Based on Local Food)

Abstract

Abstrak Penggunaan tepung terigu sebagai bahan dasar produk makanan untuk diet tinggi energi tinggi protein masih cukup besar. Kedelai, kacang hijau, bayam merah dan daun kelor merupakan bahan pangan lokal sumber zat gizi yang potensial untuk diolah menjadi tepung komposit pengganti tepung terigu, yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai produk makanan jadi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proporsi kedelai, kacang hijau, bayam merah dan daun kelor (KhiMeLor) terhadap mutu gizi, mutu protein dan organoleptik tepung komposit. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Taraf perlakuan berupa perbedaan komposisi tepung terigu dibanding tepung komposit (kedelai, kacang hijau, bayam merah, dan daun kelor) yaitu P0 (100% : 0%); P1 (75% : 25%); P2 (50% : 50%); P3 (25% : 75%); dan P4 (0% : 100%). Kandungan karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak diuji menggunakan uji proksimat sedangkan kandungan zat besi dan beta karoten diuji dengan metode Spektrofotometri. Mutu protein ditinjau dari asam amino pembatas dan mutu cerna protein. Mutu organoleptik diuji menggunakan hedonic scale scoring pada 20 panelis agak terlatih. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa P4 memiliki kandungan energi (393,80 ± 2,46 kkal/100g), protein (32,85 ± 0,52%), dan lemak (9,12 ± 0,37%), tertinggi dibanding 4 perlakuan lain dengan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05). Kandungan zat besi dan beta karoten tertinggi pada P3 yaitu 15,02 ± 0,80 mg/kg dan 5816,9 ± 289,1 µg/100g. Asam amino pembatas pada P4 adalah metionin dan sistein, dengan mutu cerna 88,21%. P2 memiliki tingkat kesukaan tertinggi terhadap warna dan tekstur, namun semakin banyak penambahan tepung komposit semakin rendah penerimaan panelis terhadap parameter aroma (p<0,05). Kata kunci : tepung komposit, pangan lokal, KHiMeLor Abstract The use of wheat flour as the basic ingredients of food products for high energy high protein diet is considerably high. Soybeans, mung beans, red leaf spinach and moringa leaf is local food sources of nutrients that are potential to be processed into a composite flour substituting wheat flour, which can be utilized for a variety of food products. The research was aimed to know the influence of proportion of soybeans, mung beans, red leaf spinach and moringa leaf (KhiMeLor) on the quality of nutrition, protein and organoleptik quality of composite flour. This was experimental research with a complete random design. The treatment were several composition mixtures of wheat and composite flour, consisting of soybean, mung bean, red leaf spinach and moringa leaf ) P0 (100% : 0%); P1 (75% : 25%); P2 (50% : 50%); P3 (25% : 75%); P4 (0% : 100%). The content of carbohydrate, protein and fat was analyzed using proximate analysis. The quality of protein was examined from limiting amino acid and protein digestibility score. The sensory test was used to examine the costumer acceptance on sensory parameters. Statistical analysis used One Way Anova which showed that substitution of soy bean, mung bean, moringaleaf and red spinach significantly (p=0,000) increases protein level. The limiting amino acid of P0,P1 and P2 was Lysine, but P3 and P4 was methionine. Protein digestibility of composite fluor was less than P0 (96%). The result of sensory evaluation showed that there was significant difference in aroma (p=0,000) and texture (p=0,029) which decreases as there is an increase of proportion composite flour. The conclusion was different proportion of soy bean, mung bean, moringa leaf and red spinach influences the nutrition quality and sensory evaluation of composite flour. Keyword : composite flour, local food, KHiMelor