Fourth-Order Neutral Differential Equation: A Modified Approach to Optimizing Monotonic Properties

Abstract

In this article, we investigate some qualitative properties of solutions to a class of functional differential equations with multi-delay. Using a modified approach, we first derive a number of optimized relations and inequalities that relate the solution xs to its corresponding function zs and its derivatives. After classifying the positive solutions, we follow the Riccati approach and principle of comparison, where fourth-order differential equations are compared with first-order differential equations to obtain conditions that exclude the positive solutions. Then, we introduce new oscillation conditions. With regard to previous relevant results, our results are an extension and complement to them. This work has theoretical significance in that it uncovers some new relationships that aid in developing the oscillation theory of higher-order equations in addition to the applied relevance of neutral differential equations.

Keywords

• neutral differential equation
• fourth order
• monotonic properties
• oscillation
• canonical case