Tobacco Induced Diseases (Oct 2018)

Effects of smoking on non-surgical periodontal therapy in generalized aggressive periodontitis

  • Burcu Kanmaz,
  • David Lappin,
  • Nurcan Buduneli

DOI
https://doi.org/10.18332/tid/94529
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 16, no. 3

Abstract

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Aim To evaluate possible effects of smoking on the clinical, biochemical and microbiological outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment in GAgP patients. Methods At baseline, whole mouth clinical periodontal measurements consisting probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing and plaque index were recorded and these measurements were repeated 1, 3 and 6 months after completion of non-surgical periodontal treatment. Saliva, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and blood samples were obtained at the same time points. Interleukin- (IL)-17A, IL-17E, IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were determined in all samples. Moreover, subgingival plaque samples were obtained and presence, as well as quantities of 11 different bacterial species, were determined. Results Fourteen smoker and 13 non-smoker GAgP patients were included in the present study. There were no significant differences in clinical parameters between the study groups except the higher plaque scores in the non-smoker group at 6-month control (p<0.05). Some differences in the biochemical parameters were found between the study groups (p<0.05). The microbiological analyses indicated more Gram-negative bacteria in the smoker group than the non-smoker group (p <0.05). Moreover, Gram-positive bacteria were more frequent in the non-smoker group than the smoker group at baseline (p<0.05). Gram-negative bacteria repopulated in the smoker group much faster than the non-smoker group (p<0.05). Conclusion Although clinical periodontal parameters revealed no significant differences between the smoker and non-smoker GAgP patients after the non-surgical periodontal treatment, it can be suggested that smoking has negative effects on the biochemical and microbiological outcomes. Funding This study was supported by a grant from the Ege University Research Foundation (Project No: 2014 DIS 013) and funds from the University of Glasgow.

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