Anatomie náboženského terorismu a globální rebelie proti sekulárnímu (ne)řádu

Abstract

Is the world today facing the clash of civilizations (S. Huntington), the end of history (F. Fukuyama) or rather the global-scale clash between secular and religious nationalism within the borders of particular nation states (M. Juergensmeyer)? The article critically introduces and discusses Mark Juergensmeyer’s comparative analyses of religious nationalist movements from all over the world and from all the main religious traditions: Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Shia, Sunni, Sikh, Buddhist and Hindu. The paper puts Mark Juergensmeyer’s analyses into the bro-ader context of the secularization and desecularization debate which the analyses are part of. The world according to Juergensmeyer is not facing the socalled “clash of civilizations” that Samuel Huntington’s famous thesis implicates but instead a global rebellion against the secular state and secular (dis)order. This conflict – sometimes violent, but primarily a nonviolent clash between secular and religious nationalism – is going on inside the borders of particular nation states and inside particular “civilizations”. Religious nationalism is a new form of nationalism, gro-wing since the 1970s, as a consequence of the crisis of secular ideologies and failures of secular political movements. Juergensmeyer’s research is based on almost thirty years of field research, on several case studies, and on interviews with more than one hundred activists in religious nationalist movements (ordinary members as well as high ranking leaders, mainstream religious nationalist movements as well as terrorist and militant ones).

Keywords

• religious nationalism
• desecularization
• religious terrorism
• the new cold war