Two-layer optimal scheduling of park integrated energy system considering the charging and discharging willingness of electric vehicles

Abstract

With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the number of electric vehicle users in industrial parks is increasing, and their charging and discharging behaviors pose great challenges to the planning and operation of park integrated energy system (PIES). A two-layer optimal scheduling of PIES considering the charging and discharging willingness of electric vehicles is proposed. Firstly, a charging and discharging willingness model is established based on factors such as dynamic real-time electricity price, battery charge capacity, battery loss compensation, and additional participation incentives. An improved electric vehicle charging and discharging model is obtained on this basis. A two-layer optimal scheduling model is established with the goal of minimizing the charging cost of the car, and the inner model is transformed into the constraints of the outer model through the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) condition, so as to quickly and stably solve the single-layer model. Finally, the simulation solution is performed, and three different scenarios are set up. The proposed model is compared with the general charging and discharging willingness model. The effectiveness and feasibility of the two-layer optimal scheduling of PIES proposed in this paper are verified.

Keywords

• electric vehicle (ev)
• charging and discharging willingness
• park integrated energy system (pies)
• dynamic time-of-use electricity price
• two-layer optimal scheduling
• battery loss compensation