THEM6 is a prognostic biomarker for breast cancer and is associated with immune infiltration

Abstract

Abstract To characterize the implications of lipid metabolism-related gene thioesterase superfamily member 6 (THEM6) in breast cancer. Several databases including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were utilized for our meticulous bioinformatics analysis. We further performed qRT-PCR, immunoblotting and IHC assays to validate the expression of THEM6 in various breast cancer cells and tissues. In addition, we have carried out relevant functional experiments to explore the regulatory role of THEM6 in vitro. Lipid metabolism-related genes are independent factors for overall survival. According to several databases, THEM6 was significantly more expressed in cancerous tissues of breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) compared to its paracancerous tissues. Furthermore, THEM6 overexpression was correlated with poorer overall survival of BRCA patients, serving as a separate prognostic factor for BRCA. Biological functional analyses revealed that THEM6 was associated with tumor progression and pathogenesis. Finally, we discovered that in BRCA, THEM6 expression was linked to multiple immune cell types. qRT-PCR and Western blotting experiments demonstrated a general upregulation of THEM6 expression in breast carcinoma cells. IHC showed that THEM6 was expressed in both breast cancer tissues and para-cancer tissues, but its expression level was significantly higher in carcinoma tissues. In vitro studies indicated that THEM6 increased proliferation, invasion, and inhibited apoptosis of breast carcinoma cells, while also affecting the cell cycle and promoting cancer progression. Furthermore, THEM6 may influence macrophage recruitment and polarization in the tumor microenvironment by regulating CCL2 secretion, which in turn affects macrophage recruitment in the tumor microenvironment. Our findings indicate that the overexpression of THEM6, which is linked to the development of breast cancer, is a predictor of a poor prognosis and has an impact on the degree of immune cell infiltration. Therefore, THEM6 has the potential to be a valuable target for BRCA.