Lithuanian Refusals and Politeness

Abstract

This study investigates Lithuanian refusals to comply with requests. Refusals are face-threatening speech acts. They can endanger social relationships, and therefore require mitigation by employing politeness means. The aim of the study is to find out strategies, substrategies, internal and external modifications of Lithuanian refusals. The research data was collected from students using an open-ended discourse completion test and consists of 1046 refusals. Summarizing the results, it can be stated that Lithuanians opt for indirect refusals. When refusing directly, the least straightforward strategy – stating the unability to comply with a request – is used, especially by women. Refusals (especially the direct ones) are very often mitigated with external modifications which were again more frequent in womens‘ responses. Socioculturally the most acceptable and thus polite way to refuse in Lithuanian is to apologize and provide reasons. Overall, there is a clear tendency to express positive politeness when refusing.

Keywords

• linguistic politeness
• refusals