Screening for chronic kidney diseases among an adult population

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is now one of the major health problems all over the world and its early screening is vital to prevent the development of end-stage renal failure. This study was designed to evaluate the proportion of urban adults suffering from CKD as well as to have a preliminary idea about the determinants of this disorder. The screening program for CKD was arranged in a public place in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, and involved 634 adult partici-pants (>18 years of age) selected on first-come first-served basis. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected. Urinary protein was tested by the dipstick method, and serum glucose and creatinine were measured by an auto-analyzer. Estimated glomerular filtrate rate (eGFR) was calculated by using standard formula. CKD was diagnosed and classified accor-ding to the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines. A total of 12.8% of the subjects were found to have CKD of whom 2.7% were in Stage 1, 4.1% in Stage 2, and 6% were in Stage 3. The proportion was strongly influenced by age, with the highest prevalence (38.5%) found at 60 years and above. The CKD group showed higher body mass index, waist-hip ratio, and systolic blood pressure, compared with their non-CKD counterparts (P = 0.02). On multiple regression analysis (after adjustment of some confounding variables), age, random blood sugar, and education showed significant association with the development of CKD. A substantial number of urban adults in Dhaka were found to be unaware about the existence of CKD and large-scale prevention programs should be undertaken to reduce the classical risk factors of these disorders.