Bilayer interface engineering through 2D/3D perovskite and surface dipole for inverted perovskite solar modules
Jiarong Wang,
Leyu Bi,
Xiaofeng Huang,
Qifan Feng,
Ming Liu,
Mingqian Chen,
Yidan An,
Wenlin Jiang,
Francis R. Lin,
Qiang Fu,
Alex K.-Y. Jen
Affiliations
Jiarong Wang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Leyu Bi
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Xiaofeng Huang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Qifan Feng
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Ming Liu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Mingqian Chen
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Yidan An
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Wenlin Jiang
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Francis R. Lin
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Qiang Fu
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Corresponding authors.
Alex K.-Y. Jen
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Corresponding authors.
The persistency of passivation and scalable uniformity are vital issues that limit the improvement of performance and stability of large-area perovskite solar modules (PSMs). Here, we design a bilayer interface engineering strategy that takes advantage of the stability and passivation ability of low-dimensional perovskite and the dipole layer. Introducing phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) can form 2D/3D heterojunctions on the perovskite surface and effectively passivate defects of perovskite film. Interestingly, the upper piperazinium iodide (PI) layer can still form surface dipoles on the 2D/3D perovskite surface to optimize energy-level alignment. Moreover, the bilayer interface engineering enables large-area perovskite films with uniform surface morphology, lower trap-state density and stability against environmental stress factors. The final devices achieved a small-area PCE of 25.20% and a large-area (1 cm2) PCE of 23.96%. A perovskite mini-module (5 × 5 cm2 with an active area of 14.28 cm2) could also be fabricated to achieve a PCE of 23.19%, ranking it among the highest for inverted PSMs. Additionally, the device could retain over 93% of its initial efficiency after MPP tracking at 45 °C for 1280 h. This study successfully demonstrates a bilayer interface engineering with respective functions, offering valuable insights for producing efficient and stable large-area PSCs.
