Development and evaluation of a scale to measure nurses’ unsafe driving behaviour while commuting
Hanizah Mohd Yusoff,
Khairil Idham Ismail,
Rosnah Ismail,
Nor Kamaliana Khamis,
Rosnawati Muhamad Robat,
Jonathan Michael Bryce
Affiliations
Hanizah Mohd Yusoff
Jabatan Perubatan Kesihatan Awam, Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Khairil Idham Ismail
Jabatan Perubatan Kesihatan Awam, Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Ministry of Health Malaysia, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62590, Putrajaya, Malaysia; Corresponding author. Jabatan Perubatan Kesihatan Awam, Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Rosnah Ismail
Jabatan Perubatan Kesihatan Awam, Fakulti Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Nor Kamaliana Khamis
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Rosnawati Muhamad Robat
Occupational and Environmental Health Unit, Selangor State Health Department, No 1, Wisma Sunway, Jalan Tengku Ampuan Zabedah C9/C, Seksyen 9, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
Jonathan Michael Bryce
INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Malaysia
Driving is the most prevalent form of commuting for most workers but is also perhaps the most hazardous mode of travel with unsafe driving contributing significantly to road traffic accidents. Despite nurses having been reported as being at higher risk of commuter-related accidents over the last three decades, little is known about unsafe driving behaviours among nurses while commuting, which is unique from other driving routines. Additionally, the lack of appropriate tools to measure such behaviours is apparent. This study aims i) to identify unsafe driving behaviours among nurses while commuting and ii) to develop a scale to assess nurses' unsafe commuting driving behaviours. The study employed a multiphase and multimethod approach to develop the scale, which was subject to stringent validation and evaluation. Themes were specified via the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). Six themes were identified namely: i) violations and reckless driving, ii) negative emotions, iii) drowsy driving iv) mind wandering, v) error and vi) carelessness. Content and face validity were sought through expert review. A total of 442 nurses’ data were collected across multisite hospitals for evaluation. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) resulted in recovered structure and was confirmed through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with structural equation analyses being conducted to test predictive validity. All constructs met adequate validity and reliability. Nurses' unsafe driving behaviours while commuting were identified with a novel scale to assess them being both developed and validated. The resulting MyUDWC scale is a suitable tool for measuring nurses' unsafe driving behaviours while commuting.
