An Explainable Ensemble Deep Learning Approach for Intrusion Detection in Industrial Internet of Things

Abstract

Ensuring the security of critical Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) systems is of utmost importance, with a primary focus on identifying cyber-attacks using Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Deep learning (DL) techniques are frequently utilized in the anomaly detection components of IDSs. However, these models often generate high false-positive rates, and their decision-making rationale remains opaque, even to experts. Gaining insights into the reasons behind an IDS’s decision to block a specific packet can aid cybersecurity professionals in assessing the system’s effectiveness and creating more cyber-resilient solutions. In this paper, we offer an explainable ensemble DL-based IDS to improve the transparency and robustness of DL-based IDSs in IIoT networks. The framework incorporates Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) and Local comprehensible-independent Clarifications (LIME) methods to elucidate the decisions made by DL-based IDSs, providing valuable insights to experts responsible for maintaining IIoT network security and developing more cyber-resilient systems. The ToN_IoT dataset was used to evaluate the efficacy of the suggested framework. As a baseline intrusion detection system, the extreme learning machines (ELM) model was implemented and compared with other models. Experiments show the effectiveness of ensemble learning to improve the results.

Keywords

• Explanation AI (XAI)
• intrusion detection systems (IDS)
• SHapley additive explanations (SHAP)
• local comprehensible model-independent clarifications (LIME)
• ensemble learning
• CNN