Application of the Exp<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mfenced><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>φ</mi><mfenced><mi>ξ</mi></mfenced></mrow></mfenced></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>-Expansion Method to Find the Soliton Solutions in Biomembranes and Nerves

Abstract

Heimburg and Jackson devised a mathematical model known as the Heimburg model to describe the transmission of electromechanical pulses in nerves, which is a significant step forward. The major objective of this paper was to examine the dynamics of the Heimburg model by extracting closed-form wave solutions. The proposed model was not studied by using analytical techniques. For the first time, innovative analytical solutions were investigated using the exp−φξ-expansion method to illustrate the dynamic behavior of the electromechanical pulse in a nerve. This approach generates a wide range of general and broad-spectral solutions with unknown parameters. For the definitive value of these constraints, the well-known periodic- and kink-shaped solitons were recovered. By giving different values to the parameters, the 3D, 2D, and contour forms that constantly modulate in the form of an electromechanical pulse traveling through the axon in the nerve were created. The discovered solutions are innovative, distinct, and useful and might be crucial in medicine and biosciences.

Keywords

• nonlinear partial differential equations
• exp(−<i>φ</i>(<i>ξ</i>))-expansion method
• Heimburg model
• traveling wave solutions