Russian experience in the design of all-season public spaces

Abstract

The study focuses on analyzing the Russian experience in designing public spaces allowing for climatic conditions. Architectural solutions are identified for creating a comfortable and functional urban environment resilient to extreme climatic impacts. Key principles of all-season space design are examined, including multifunctionality, adaptive infrastructure, aesthetic expressiveness, and social inclusivity. A review of implemented projects highlights integration of architectural, landscaping, and engineering solutions that ensure year-round usability of public spaces.

Keywords

• public spaces
• adaptive public spaces
• all-season spaces