THE «EXODUS» FROM RUSSIA: THE FIRST WAVE OF EMIGRATION

Abstract

The paper contains an analysis of emigration from Russia, which was caused by the revolutions of 1917 and the Civil War (1918-1922). The authors have collected and compiled the data not only on the total number of departures; the paper provides information about the countries of settlement, the social composition of immigrants, the reasons for their departure. The authors found that remigration began nearly at the same time as well. Many representatives of culture, science, ordinary Russians returned home. The authors were able to trace their fate. The role of the Russian Orthodox Church is analyzed. Diverse activities assisting the provision of emigrants during the hunger in Russia are studied. The paper reveals the activities of the Soviet special services against prominent representatives of the military emigration and their organizations.

Keywords

• civil war
• repression
• emigration
• countries of settlement
• the russian orthodox church
• life in exile
• hunger
• remigration
• security services