Diagnostics (Mar 2023)

Factors Associated with the Effectiveness of Regimens for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in Patients Coinfected with HIV/AIDS: Cohort 2015 to 2019

  • Natália Helena de Resende,
  • Silvana Spíndola de Miranda,
  • Adriano Max Moreira Reis,
  • Cristiane Aparecida Menezes de Pádua,
  • João Paulo Amaral Haddad,
  • Paulo Vitor Rozario da Silva,
  • Dirce Inês da Silva,
  • Wânia da Silva Carvalho

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13061181
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 6
p. 1181

Abstract

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(1) Background: Infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a significant challenge for tuberculosis (TB) control, with increasing mortality rates worldwide. Moreover, the loss to follow-up is very high, with low adherence to treatment, resulting in unfavorable endpoints. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of TB treatment in patients coinfected with HIV/AIDS and its associated factors. (2) Methods: Patients coinfected with TB and HIV/AIDS at a Reference Hospital for infectious diseases were followed up for a maximum of one year from the start of TB treatment until cure or censorship (death, abandonment, and transfer) from 2015 to 2019. The Cox proportional model was used to identify risk factors for effectiveness. (3) Results: Of the 244 patients included in the cohort, 58.2% (142/244) had no treatment effectiveness, 12.3% (30/244) died, and 11.1% (27/244) abandoned treatment. Viral suppression at the onset of TB treatment (HR = 1.961, CI = 1.123–3.422), previous use of Antiretroviral Therapy (HR = 1.676, CI = 1.060–2.651), new cases (HR = 2.407, CI = 1.197–3.501), not using illicit drugs (HR = 1.763, CI = 1.141–2.723), and using the basic TB regimen (HR = 1.864, CI = 1.084–3.205) were significant variables per the multivariate Cox regression analysis. (4) Conclusion: TB treatment for most TB patients coinfected with HIV/AIDS was not effective. This study identified that an undetectable viral load at the beginning of the disease, previous use of ART, not using illicit drugs and not having previously taken anti-TB treatment are factors associated with successful TB treatment.

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