Examining alternative carbon resources for sustainable energy generation: A comprehensive review
Anjan Ray,
Aman Kumar Bhonsle,
Jasvinder Singh,
Jayati Trivedi,
Neeraj Atray
Affiliations
Anjan Ray
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Analytical Sciences Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
Aman Kumar Bhonsle
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Biofuel Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India; Corresponding author at: Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
Jasvinder Singh
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; LCA and System Modeling Area, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
Jayati Trivedi
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Biofuel Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
Neeraj Atray
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Biofuel Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun 248005, India
ABSTRACT: The excessive usage and limited availability of fossil fuels have put enough impetus on researchers to find alternative energy sources to control the energy crisis and reduce climate change. To mitigate environmental impact while generating clean energy, researchers and energy experts are particularly focused on harnessing energy from bioresources and waste materials. This review article gives insight into various type of alternative fuels, their production strategies, and applications. Further, it explores the availability of domestic carbon resources like agroforestry, nonfood energy crops, municipal solid waste, agro-industry waste, food waste, wastewater, and anthropogenic-generated wastes from various industries. Furthermore, the potential for making alternative fuels like biodiesel and bioethanol adopts sustainable biochemical processes like aerobic and anaerobic digestion, fermentation, and methanation. Landfill processes and thermal processes like gasification, and pyrolysis are also explored to harness the waste streams into alternative energy sources, promising environmental benefits.
