Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Geriatric Patients in Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Introduction: Increase in life expectancy across the globe has led to rise in geriatric population. Geriatric population is now living longer and healthier. This rise in geriatric population has also led to increase in the geriatric ailments leading to increased number of geriatric patients requiring intensive care including mechanical ventilation. Data on outcomes of geriatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation from India is scarce. Aim: To study the profile and outcome of geriatric patients more than equal to 60 years requiring mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Materials and Methods: The data of all the geriatric patients, more than 60 years of age, admitted to ICU between January 2008 to August 2014 requiring mechanical ventilation for various reasons were extracted from the hospital records. Various reasons for ventilation, duration of ventilation/hospital stay, mortality and associated comorbidities were recorded and analysed. Results: Total 140 geriatric patients were mechanically ventilated in the study period, out of which 43.5% (61/140) were above 70 years of age and 67.8% (95/140) were above 65 years of age. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was the most common cause for mechanical ventilation constituting 20% of patients followed by severe sepsis (17.8%), cerebrovascular accident (12.8%), post-surgical patients (12.8%) and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in 10%. In our study, 44.28% of the geriatric patients requiring mechanical ventilation in the ICU were successfully weaned off the ventilator. Early tracheostomy helped in weaning off from ventilator as 83.33% (5/6) of patients requiring tracheostomy could be weaned off the ventilator suggesting that tracheostomy may help in improving the outcome. Reintubation carried a very poor prognosis and increased mortality, as 80% (4/5) of the patients who were reintubated in our study could not survive. Conclusion: Our study revealed that in appropriate intensive care setting and with standard protocol based therapy for primary ailments, outcomes with mechanical ventilation in geriatric population can be comparable to outcomes in younger population.

Keywords

• chronic pulmonary obstructive disease
• reintubation
• sepsis
• tracheostomy