Salud Pública de México (Jun 2007)

Estado de la dentición y sus efectos en la capacidad de los ancianos para desempeñar sus actividades habituales State of dentition and its impact on the capacity of elders to perform daily activities

  • Sergio Sánchez-García,
  • Teresa Juárez-Cedillo,
  • Hortensia Reyes-Morales,
  • Javier de la Fuente-Hernández,
  • Fortino Solórzano-Santos,
  • Carmen García-Peña

Journal volume & issue
Vol. 49, no. 3
pp. 173 – 181

Abstract

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OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto que tiene el estado de la dentición en la capacidad de los ancianos para desempeñar sus actividades habituales en los últimos seis meses. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en ancianos derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social del suroeste de la Ciudad de México. Se realizaron entrevistas domiciliarias para recabar datos sociodemográficos, utilización de los servicios de salud bucodental, problemas para realizar actividades regulares y su relación con el estado de la dentición en los últimos seis meses, mediante el índice OIDP (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances). Con posterioridad, tres profesionales de la salud bucodental, capacitados para determinar el estado de la dentición de acuerdo con los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, realizaron un examen clínico. RESULTADOS: Se estudió a 540 ancianos. La prevalencia de pacientes geriátricos con problemas para llevar a cabo sus actividades habituales fue de 21.5%. Los principales problemas en las actividades habituales fueron comer (14.4%), hablar (8.7%), incapacidad de no irritarse (5.4%), lavarse los dientes (5%) e imposibilidad de disfrutar el contacto con la gente (4.4 %). Existe una correlación del OIDP positiva entre el número de dientes perdidos y el índice CPO-D (pOBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dental state on the capacity of elderly individuals to carry out their daily activities during the previous six months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A transversal study was conducted in the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) with insured elderly persons residing in southwestern Mexico City. Home interviews were conducted to gather sociodemographic data, data on the use of oral health services, problems in carrying out daily activities, and their relationship with the state of dentition over the past six months, utilizing the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) index. Later, three oral health professionals trained in determining the state of dentition according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria performed a clinical examination on each elderly subject. RESULTS: A total of 540 elderly individuals were studied. The prevalence of elderly persons with problems in carrying out their daily activities was 21.5%. The main problems in daily activities were eating (14.4%), speaking (8.7%), not becoming irritated (5.4%), brushing their teeth(5%), and inability to enjoy contact with people (4.4%). There is a positive OIDP correlation between number of teeth lost and the decayed, missing, filled teeth(DMFT) index (p<0.05) and a negative correlation with the number of functional and filled teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The state of dentition in the elderly has repercussions on the capacity to carry out daily activities, with quality of life most seriously affected with regard to eating and enjoying food, as well as with respect to correct pronunciation.

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