Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury

Abstract

Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is the main factor restraining the clinical application of cisplatin. The AKI is associated with high mortality and morbidity, but no effective pharmacological treatment is available at present. As increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may promote the progression of the injury, the elimination of ROS has been considered as an effective method to prevent the cisplatin-induced AKI. In addition, it has been revealed that an inducer of autophagy could protect kidney cells in the autophagy dependent manner. Induction of autophagy could also modulate the production of ROS in cases of renal injury. Therefore, kidney-targeted antioxidants and/or autophagy are urgently required for the better treatment of AKI. Accumulating evidence has indicated the important roles of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AKI. In addition, there is a scientific basis for considering future clinical applications of probiotics and/or prebiotics to treat cisplatin-induced AKI. Thus, gut microbiota might be a promising therapeutic target via the alteration of autophagy for the cancer therapy-induced nephrotoxicity.

Keywords

• cisplatin
• reactive oxygen species
• autophagy
• histone deacetylases
• cancer
• acute kidney injury