A Complete Characterization of Bidegreed Split Graphs with Four Distinct <i>α</i>-Eigenvalues

Abstract

It is a well-known fact that a graph of diameter d has at least d+1 eigenvalues. A graph is d-extremal (resp. dα-extremal) if it has diameter d and exactly d+1 distinct eigenvalues (resp. α-eigenvalues), and a graph is split if its vertex set can be partitioned into a clique and a stable set. Such graphs have a diameter of at most three. If all vertex degrees in a split graph are either d˜ or d^, then we say it is (d˜,d^)-bidegreed. In this paper, we present a complete classification of the connected bidegreed 3α-extremal split graphs using the association of split graphs with combinatorial designs. This result is a natural generalization of Theorem 4.6 proved by Goldberg et al. and Proposition 3.8 proved by Song et al., respectively.

Keywords

• split graph
• bidegreed graph
• <i>α</i>-adjacent matrix
• <i>α</i>-eigenvalues
• combinatorial design