Pharmaceuticals (Apr 2022)

Microbiological, Clinical, and PK/PD Features of the New Anti-Gram-Negative Antibiotics: β-Lactam/β-Lactamase Inhibitors in Combination and Cefiderocol—An All-Inclusive Guide for Clinicians

  • Luigi Principe,
  • Tommaso Lupia,
  • Lilia Andriani,
  • Floriana Campanile,
  • Davide Carcione,
  • Silvia Corcione,
  • Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa,
  • Roberto Luzzati,
  • Giacomo Stroffolini,
  • Marina Steyde,
  • Giuliana Decorti,
  • Stefano Di Bella

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15040463
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 15, no. 4
p. 463

Abstract

Read online

Bacterial resistance mechanisms are continuously and rapidly evolving. This is particularly true for Gram-negative bacteria. Over the last decade, the strategy to develop new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BLs/BLIs) combinations has paid off and results from phase 3 and real-world studies are becoming available for several compounds. Cefiderocol warrants a separate discussion for its peculiar mechanism of action. Considering the complexity of summarizing and integrating the emerging literature data of clinical outcomes, microbiological mechanisms, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties of the new BL/BLI and cefiderocol, we aimed to provide an overview of data on the following compounds: aztreonam/avibactam, cefepime/enmetazobactam, cefepime/taniborbactam, cefepime/zidebactam, cefiderocol, ceftaroline/avibactam, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam, meropenem/nacubactam and meropenem/vaborbactam. Each compound is described in a dedicated section by experts in infectious diseases, microbiology, and pharmacology, with tables providing at-a-glance information.

Keywords