Insightful Valorization of the Biological Activities of Pani Heloch Leaves through Experimental and Computer-Aided Mechanisms
Naureen Banu,
Najmul Alam,
Mohammad Nazmul Islam,
Sanjida Islam,
Shahenur Alam Sakib,
Nujhat Binte Hanif,
Md. Riad Chowdhury,
Abu Montakim Tareq,
Kamrul Hasan Chowdhury,
Shamima Jahan,
Afrina Azad,
Talha Bin Emran,
Jesus Simal-Gandara
Affiliations
Naureen Banu
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Najmul Alam
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Mohammad Nazmul Islam
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Sanjida Islam
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Shahenur Alam Sakib
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Nujhat Binte Hanif
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Md. Riad Chowdhury
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Abu Montakim Tareq
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Kamrul Hasan Chowdhury
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Shamima Jahan
Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh
Afrina Azad
Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-i-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
Talha Bin Emran
Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
Jesus Simal-Gandara
Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
Pani heloch (Antidesma montanum) is traditionally used to treat innumerable diseases and is a source of wild vegetables for the management of different pathological conditions. The present study explored the qualitative phytochemicals; quantitative phenol and flavonoid contents; in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and thrombolytic effects; and in vivo antipyretic and analgesic properties of the methanol extract of A. montanum leaves in different experimental models. The extract exhibited secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, flavanols, phytosterols, cholesterols, phenols, terpenoids, glycosides, fixed oils, emodines, coumarins, resins, and tannins. Besides, Pani heloch showed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 99.00 µg/mL), while a moderate percentage of clot lysis (31.56%) in human blood and significant anti-inflammatory activity (p p A. montanum leaves exhibited secondary metabolites that are a good source for managing inflammation, pyrexia, pain, and cellular toxicity. Computational approaches and further studies are required to identify the possible mechanism which responsible for the biological effects.