Applied Sciences (Mar 2023)

Investigation of the Protective Effects of <i>Urtica dioica</i>, <i>Capsella bursa-pastoris</i> and <i>Inula racemosa</i> on Acetaminophen-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Swiss Albino Male Mice

  • Sumaira Yousuf,
  • Shabnam Shabir,
  • Mohammad Murtaza Mehdi,
  • Shailesh Srivastav,
  • Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh,
  • Zaid Bassfar,
  • Mohammed M. Jalal,
  • Mamdoh S. Moawadh,
  • Yahya F. Jamous,
  • Sandeep Kumar Singh,
  • Emanuel Vamanu,
  • Mahendra P. Singh

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063925
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 6
p. 3925

Abstract

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Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used nonprescription antipyretic-analgesic drug. This medication is thought to be safe at the suggested dosage (4 g/24 h), but its overdose (up to 2.5 g/kg) can cause severe injuries to the human body, including renal injury. APAP has various toxic effects on nephrons, as it leads to an excessive free radical generation that, in turn, results in a disturbance in the redox homeostasis of cells, causing oxidative stress. To replenish this oxidative stress, there is an ultimate urge for natural therapies that can retain the cellular homeostasis of nephrons by diminishing the overdose impression of acetaminophen. The principle objective of this work is to appraise nephrotoxicity due to APAP and its amelioration through the antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of selected medicinal plants: Urtica dioica, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Inula racemosa (UD, CBP, and IR, respectively). The pH stability of the nutraceuticals used was examined by determining the impact of pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9 on the DPPH radical scavenging activity of aqueous plant extracts. Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analytical technique was performed to determine the volatile organic phytochemical profiles of all three medicinal plants. Male Swiss albino mice were used for the present investigation. The animals were distributed into five groups of (n = 6), a total of 30 mice, for in vivo analysis. Group 1 served as the control group; group 2 received a single IP dose of APAP (600 mg/kg); group 3 received APAP pretreated with UD (300 mg/kg); group 4 received APAP pretreated with CBP (300 mg/kg); and group 5 received APAP pretreated with IR (300 mg/kg). Overdose of the APAP- induced a significant (p p CBP > IR. However, extensive study is needed to determine the likely ameliorative mechanism of these nutraceuticals.

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