Zinc Sulfate Stimulates Osteogenic Phenotypes in Periosteum-Derived Cells and Co-Cultures of Periosteum-Derived Cells and THP-1 Cells
Jin-Ho Park,
Su A Park,
Young-Hoon Kang,
So Myeong Hwa,
Eun-Byeol Koh,
Sun-Chul Hwang,
Se Heang Oh,
June-Ho Byun
Affiliations
Jin-Ho Park
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
Su A Park
Department of Nature-Inspired Nanoconvergence Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Deageon 34103, Korea
Young-Hoon Kang
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
So Myeong Hwa
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
Eun-Byeol Koh
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
Sun-Chul Hwang
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
Se Heang Oh
Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
June-Ho Byun
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Korea
Coupling between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption maintains both mechanical integrity and mineral homeostasis. Zinc is required for the formation, mineralization, growth, and maintenance of bones. We examined the effects of zinc sulfate on osteoblastic differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) and osteoclastic differentiation of THP-1 cells. Zinc sulfate enhanced the osteoblastic differentiation of hPDCs; however, it did not affect the osteoclastic differentiation of THP-1 cells. The levels of extracellular signaling-related kinase (ERK) were strongly increased during osteoblastic differentiation in zinc sulfate-treated hPDCs, compared with other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Zinc sulfate also promoted osteogenesis in hPDCs and THP-1 cells co-cultured with the ratio of one osteoclast to one osteoblast, as indicated by alkaline phosphatase levels, mineralization, and cellular calcium contents. In addition, the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio was decreased in the zinc sulfate-treated co-cultures. Our results suggest that zinc sulfate enhances osteogenesis directly by promoting osteoblastic differentiation and osteogenic activities in osteoblasts and indirectly by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption through a reduced RANKL/OPG ratio in co-cultured osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
