The expanding roles of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS1)
Kundan Solanki,
Sajjan Rajpoot,
Evgeny E. Bezsonov,
Alexander N. Orekhov,
Rohit Saluja,
Anita Wary,
Cassondra Axen,
Kishore Wary,
Mirza S. Baig
Affiliations
Kundan Solanki
Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
Sajjan Rajpoot
Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
Evgeny E. Bezsonov
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia
Alexander N. Orekhov
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Moscow, Russia
Rohit Saluja
Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bibinagar, Hyderabad, India
Anita Wary
Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
Cassondra Axen
Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
Kishore Wary
Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
Mirza S. Baig
Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, India
The nitric oxide synthases (NOS; EC 1.14.13.39) use L-arginine as a substrate to produce nitric oxide (NO) as a by-product in the tissue microenvironment. NOS1 represents the predominant NO-producing enzyme highly enriched in the brain and known to mediate multiple functions, ranging from learning and memory development to maintaining synaptic plasticity and neuronal development, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), psychiatric disorders and behavioral deficits. However, accumulating evidence indicate both canonical and non-canonical roles of NOS1-derived NO in several other tissues and chronic diseases. A better understanding of NOS1-derived NO signaling, and identification and characterization of NO-metabolites in non-neuronal tissues could become useful in diagnosis and prognosis of diseases associated with NOS1 expression. Continued investigation on the roles of NOS1, therefore, will synthesize new knowledge and aid in the discovery of small molecules which could be used to titrate the activities of NOS1-derived NO signaling and NO-metabolites. Here, we address the significance of NOS1 and its byproduct NO in modifying pathophysiological events, which could be beneficial in understanding both the disease mechanisms and therapeutics.
