Megatrend Revija (Jan 2023)
Knowledge and democracy: Modern challenges
Abstract
Science is not tool only, nowdays, but the creator of the world, and the world becomes object of its research and creative work. However, such a position of the science is not easy to afford in concrete social reality. It presumes developed democracy as a social form which affords the highest degree of freedom and equality. The task of the science and theory is to help society to find rational solutions of the concrete social goals, on the causality to social reality basis, without using any force. The freedom of scientific creativity, however, initiates the scientist's obligation of using his knowledge and achievements in accordance to interests of the society and the whole mankind. For such a position of scientific achievements some material and other presumtions are necessary, being the obligation of the whole society, as a way to avoid poverty in the global, technology developed reality, although there is no equality between rich society and developed democracy, necessarily. The developed democracy presumes developed democratic institutions and, among them, as one of the most important, like fundamental rights and freedoms are, legal state institution. In XIX century in german legal theory, the leading ones were theories of state sovereignty as a way to gain stability of legal state in its task to afford the realisation of the most important social values. Such theories had various degradations in history, as a result of their tries to change national sovereinty theory to state sovereignty theory as a leading one, for the reason of national sovereignty instability, as to their opinion. Due to possibility of degradation, theories of state sovereignty face the necessity of their revision, by putting them in the context of humanity and mankind principals, in order to avoid negative consequences in history, like nazyism surely was. In European community the leading concept of governing, which includes all institutions and organs, state ones and civil, as well, in decision making process, refering to the interests of all, is two level governance and multilevel governance.
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