Мелиорация и гидротехника (Nov 2024)
ZONING OF THE SOUTHERN RUSSIA TERRITORY ACCORDING TO HEAT AND MOISTURE SUPPLY FOR THE COTTON INTRODUCTION
Abstract
Purpose: zoning of the southern Russia territory by heat and moisture supply corresponding to the ecological needs of cotton. Materials and methods. Zoning was carried out on the territory of eight entities forming the south of Russia: the Republics of Dagestan, Kalmykia, the Crimea, Krasnodar and Stavropol territories, Astrakhan, Volgograd and Rostov regions. Data on the values of average daily temperatures were collected at 51 meteorological stations in the south of Russia in the entities under consideration for the period from 2012 to 2023. The sum of effective temperatures was adopted as an indicator characterizing the thermal resource of the territory and determining the possibility of cotton cultivation. The cotton plant requirement for the amount of effective temperatures is determined to be 1560 °C for early-ripening varieties, 1625–1635 °C for mid-ripening varieties, and more than 1800 °C for mid-late and late-ripening varieties. Results. As a result of calculating the sums of effective temperatures, a map of isolines of the sum of effective temperatures for cotton was constructed. It was revealed that the thermal resources of the southern Russia partially correspond to the ecological needs of cotton. During the research, it was stated that in the territory under consideration the sums of effective temperatures vary from approximately 1500 to 1800 °C. Conclusions. The analysis of the thermal resources of the south of Russia allows us to conclude that the northern boundary of the possible placement of cotton crops is located on the isoline corresponding to 1500 °C, passing through Rostov and Volgograd regions, as well as the flat part of the Republic of Crimea. The moisture conditions of the south of Russia indicate that a guaranteed harvest of raw cotton is possible with irrigation.
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