From MASLD to PAD: Looking for Cardiovascular Disease Starting from Metabolic Status
Andrea Boccatonda,
Damiano D’Ardes,
Veronica Moronti,
Jessica Santilli,
Alessia Cipollone,
Gianfranco Lessiani,
Nicoletta Di Gregorio,
Carla Serra,
Fabio Piscaglia,
Claudio Ferri,
Francesco Cipollone
Affiliations
Andrea Boccatonda
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventional Ultrasound Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Damiano D’Ardes
Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Institute of “Clinica Medica”, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Veronica Moronti
Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Jessica Santilli
Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Alessia Cipollone
Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Institute of “Clinica Medica”, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Gianfranco Lessiani
Villa Serena Hospital, 65030 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
Nicoletta Di Gregorio
Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Carla Serra
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Interventional Ultrasound Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Fabio Piscaglia
Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
Claudio Ferri
Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences and Internal Medicine, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
Francesco Cipollone
Department of Medicine and Aging Science, Institute of “Clinica Medica”, “G. D’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
Background: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is still the least studied and evaluated form in clinical practice among atherosclerotic pathologies, despite the increased mortality and comorbidities related to it. The relationship between steatotic liver disease and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease has been extensively documented. Methods: The purpose of this work is to perform a review of the evidence linking NAFLD or MASLD to PAD, and examine possible clinical scenarios that arise from this new terminology. Results: The new definition of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) includes the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors and hepatic steatosis without any other underlying causes of hepatic steatosis; this terminology, coined in the hepatological field, could generate confusion, especially in the initial stages of its diffusion and among different medical specialists. Conclusions: Some recent data in the literature have strengthened the evidence of a pathological link between hepatic metabolic alteration (NAFLD or MAFLD) and PAD.
