Acute myeloid leukemia secondary to acute B lymphoblastic leukemia treated with maintenance therapy in a child: A case report

Abstract

Abstract Background Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has the highest incidence among childhood hematologic cancers. Exposure to certain cytotoxic therapies for ALL is correlated with a higher risk of secondary malignancies. Case We report a rare case of a 6‐year‐old girl being diagnosed with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during her maintenance phase of treatment for ALL with TEL‐AML1 fusion gene, approximately 17 months after the primary diagnosis. Conclusion This case indicates that we should recognize the increased risk of secondary AML for pediatric ALL patients with TEL‐AML1 fusion gene if multiple alkylating drugs and inhibitors for topoisomerase II are included in induction chemotherapy.

Keywords

• acute lymphoblastic leukemia
• acute myeloid leukemia
• secondary malignancy